LONEITUTE THIAN
Loneitu Hriat Tur Puanchhuahna
Loneitu Hriat Tur Puanchhuahna
Botanical name:Glycine max Roxb
English : Soybean
Hindi : Soybean / Bhat
Bekang hi Mizo zingah pawh thlai pawimawh tak a tling a, kan eidan erawh chu uma, a hring emaw phorova chawhmeh atana hman hi a lar ber. Thenkhatin thingpuiah an hmang a. Tunhnai mai atang khan soyamilk, tofu leh paneer te an lo siam chhuak ve ta zela, a hmanna pawh kan lo hre tam ta tial tial a. India ram hmun tam takah tui neia kangin chawhmehah an siam a, hotelah pawh an siam nasa ve hle.
Bekang hian protein 40% a pai a, hriak pawh 20% a pai a ni. Hei vang hian chaw tha tak a ni tih a hriat theih a. A hriak pai tam vang hian hriak nei thlai zinga chhiar a ni ve thova. Amaherawhchu, Mizorama kan hman danah hi chuan be thlai liau liau a ni thung a. Agriculture Department in a record danah erawh chuan hriak nei thlai a ni. Kan la chin tam tawk loh avangin kan mamawh zat pawh kan la thar daih lova. State thenawm leh hmun dang atangin kan lalut tam viau a ni.
Kum kalta kum 6, 2004-05 atanga 2009-10 chhunga Mizorama bekang kan chin dan leh thar zat chu hetiang hi a ni.
| Sl. No. | Kum | Area (Ha) | Thar zat (Qtl) | Thar hlawk dan (Qtl/Ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | 2004-05 | 1434 | 27,460 | 19.14 |
| 2. | 2005-06 | 1450 | 28,200 | 19.44 |
| 3. | 2006-07 | 2017 | 19,800 | 9.81 |
| 4. | 2007-08 | 1679 | 3,660 | 2.17 |
| 5. | 2008-09 | 1007 | 10,660 | 10.58 |
| 6. | 2009-10 | 1256 | 20,210 | 16.09 |
Sik leh sa :
Bekang hian a chi tiahna turin boruak 15℃leh 32℃ inkar a mamawh a, a than duhna turin boruak lum zawk a mamawh. Boruak hi 10℃ aia a vawh chuan a thang thei lo tih hriat a ni a, chutih laiin 40OC chung lamah chuan a thanna atan te, a par leh chi insiamnaah te leh a chi quality ah te nasa takin a tuarin a tla hniam a ni. Heta tang hian Mizoram boruak hi bekang chinna atan a tha tawk viau tih kan hre mai awm e.
Ruahtui thuah pawh kum khata 60-65 cm hi a mamawh dan tak a ni a. Hei aia ruahtui a tlak tlem chuan tuipek (irrigation) a ngai ang. Ruahtui tam hi ruahtui tlem aiin a pawi zawk a, a chhan chu khaw hnawng lutuk hian a chi leh a tiak tir a tilawng thin a. A hnu leh zelah pawh hnawng lutuk avangin root nodule a awm tha thei lova, thlai a than that theih loh bakah a thar pawh a chhiat phah thin. A par lai emaw a par hma deuhva khawkheng vangin a par leh a rahno a tla thin a. A rah puitling tawh pawh ruahin a nan chuan a fang quality (a mu) in a chhiat phah bawk.
LEILUNG :
Leitha, organic matter tamna, sawntlung leime deuh lam, leithawl deuh boruak in kal pawh zung zung theihna hi a ngeih. Leithur a duh lova, neutral, pH 6.5 leh 7.5 inkar a ngeih ber. Tui pawh a luangral zung zung thei tur a ni a, chutiang atan chuan drainage a tha tur a ni. Tuitling a ngeih loh avangin tuitling lo tur zawngin lei pawh ruahman a ngai.
Phaizawlah chuan lei hi uluk taka leh tur a ni a, a tlangliante pawh chil sawm leh vek a, hrut rual tur a ni. Hnim leh thlai bulte paihfai vek tur a ni bawk. Thingtlang lovah pawh uluk taka thlai chinna tur hi tihfai hmasak a tha fo.
Sawi tawh angin leithur a duh lova, pH 6.0 aia a hniam chuan chinai thi thlai chin hma ni 7 velah lo theh tur a ni a, a theih chuan lei leh laiin leia leh pawlh tur. A pek zat tur chu hectare khat hmunah qtl 20 a tawk
Source : Lalthanzuala
MSc.(Ag) ,Agro, PG Dip.Agmark
Thlai chin dan
Department of Agriculture (Crop Husbandry)
Mizoram
Page No : 89 - 93
First Edition-2011
LEITHA PEK :
Bekang hi engang leiah pawh a chin theih mai zela, amaherawhchu, a thar hlawk theihna tur chuan leithaa chawm a ngai. Fertilizer te chu lei hrut khuarah thlai chi aia thuk, inch 2-3 vela thuka phul tur a ni a, chu chu lei inch 1-2 vela chhaha vur emaw chhilh leh tur a ni a, chumi zawhah hrut rual leh tur. Hetianga leitha pek a remlo anih chuan rual taka theh a, lei nen chawhpawlh leh tur a ni. Fertilizer pek tur zat chu hetiang hi a ni.
Table 20:
kg 130 a tawk a, Urea pektel a ngai lo bawk ang. |
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Potash (K20) hi thlai chi lo insiam leh than chhoh nan thlaiin a mamawh a ni. Bekang chinna hmunah Potash a awm tlem viau chuan a kung potash tuia kah a tha. A kah hun erawh chu a par Iai, a chi tuh atanga ni 30-35 inkar vel a ni a, hei hi a kawm tha taka a lo pum theihna tur atana tih a ni. Kah tur buatsaih dan chu hetiang hi a ni.
Leitha pek tur zawng zawng hi thlai chi thlak dawn lei leh ruala leia leh pawlh vek emaw, lei hrut khuar (furrow) ah a hmaa sawi tak ang khan pek tur a ni.
Bekang chi hi Rhizobium culture a bual hmasak a tha bawk (seed inoculation). Thlai chi kg 1 atan Rhizobium gm 15 vel a tawk. Tui tlemte leh rhizobium hi pawlha thlai chi nuai nan hman tur. Thlai chi nuaisa hi daihlima pho huhil phawt a chin tur a ni. Nisaa pho hauh loh tur.
THLAI CHI MAMAWH ZAT :
A buk chi (Bragg, PK 271, PK 262, etc) kan chin dawn chuan hectare khat hmunah bekang chi kg 60 a tawk a. A buk lo chi kan chin dawn erawh chuan (JS-2, Moti, Pusa Soyabean, etc) thlai chi kg 75 hectare khat a zau atan a ngai ang. Thlai hi kan chin tlai deuh dawn chuan kg 80 vel a ngai thung ang. Thlai chin atanga darkar 72 chhunga ruah a sur chuan a tiah that loh phah thin.
Thlai chi te chu a tlara chin tur a ni a, a tlar inkar hi ft 1 1⁄2 a inhlat nisela, a bi inkar hi inches 2-4 a inhlat ni bawk sela, a bi thukzawng hi inch 2 pel lo sela. Lei hnawn laia chin a nih chuan hei aia pawn lang zawka chin pawh a tha zawk. Thlai chinna lei hi buhpawl in emaw khuh ila a tiak a tha duh deuh.
Bekang hi thlai dang nen a inkar thlaka chin a ni thin a, Chutianga thlai dang bekang nena chin pawlh emaw chin kar thlak thin te chu vaimim, behliang leh a dangte an ni a, hetia thlai chin hi intercropping ti a sawi a ni. Hetia thlai chin anih chuan thlai chi mamawh zat hi 1⁄4 emaw 2⁄4 laiin a tlahniam thei. Tlangram lova kan chin dan angah hi chuan hetiang zat hi kan mamawh kher lovang. Tin, local variety thenkhat chi hi a sin hle mai a, thlai chi mamawh chu a bawk azawngah chuan a tlem thei hle bawk ang. Bekang hmun kan siam a nih pawhin tun ai hi chuan ching zing ila, a tlarin ching ngei bawk ila, kan thar hlawk zawk ang.
A CHIN HUN :
Bekang chin hun hi ruahtui (monsoon) tlak tan May-July thla chho hi a ni a, chu chu kharif thlai a ni a. A dang leh chu February leh March thla chho vel hi a ni.
Thingtlang lovah chuan May-June thla velah an ching a, leichhe deuhvah tlemin an ching hma a, leitha deuhah chuan a kung a that duh avangin an ching tlai deuh va, July thlaah te an ching thin. A kung a that lutuk chuan a rah theilo hial thin. Zo neih kum aiin phairam neih kum ah an ching tlai deuh bawk.
A CHIN DAN :
Bekang chingtu thenkhatin a theh in an theh a, a hna a awlsam nain thlaiin tlar leh bi mumal a nei lova, a enkawlzui a hahthlak a, a thar pawh a ram phu tawkah a hlawk lo. Leiletah a chinna tur hmun an buatsaih fel vekah a tlar tur leilehna hmangin an hrut khuara, tah chuan a chi an thlak a, anih loh pawhin seed drill ( thlaichi thlakna) hmangin an ching thin. Tih dan dang leh chu tlangram lova kan chin dan, tuthlawh hmanga tuh a ni. A tlarin ching thei ila a tha khawp mai. A tlar kar te, a bi inhlat dan turte chu a hma lamah kan sawi tawh kha.
HLO THLAWH :
Tum hnih kuta thlawh a tawk viau a, chu chu chin atanga ni 15-na leh 36-na velah ni sela. A aia tam a ngaih leh nawn leh mai tur a ni. Kuta thlawh nawn fo ai chuan hlo tur hman mai hi a hlawkin a remchang zawk fo. Bekang hmuna hlotur hman tur te chu hnim tiah hmaa lo kah tur chi Alachlor (4kg/ha), metolachlor (2kg/ha) metribuzin (0.361/ha) te an ni. Bekang hmuna hnim ngaihmawh awm zual hun chu chin atanga ni 15-45 inkar a ni a, a thar za a 30-80 (%) in a kiam thei.
THLAI VEN HIM :
1. A natna : Bekang hian Yellow Mosaic Virus natna a vei chuan a chhiatpui thin. Chuvangin bekang chi te chu Thiram a bual hmasak tur. Bekang chu kg 1 atan Thiram gm 3 a tawk. YMV natna thehdarhtu rannung that nan Dimethoate 30 EC litre 1 - 1 1⁄2 tui litre 800-1000 nen a pawlhin hectare khat hmun kah tur.
Root rot (a zung lawng) Rhizoctonia solani vanga lo awm thin pawh Trichoderma spp hmanga thlai chi bualin hlawhtling takin a ven theih. A tihdan chu slurry method a ni a, Trichoderma gm 5 bekang chi kg 1 atan a tawk.
2. Rannung chimawm : Bekang tichhe thin rannungte chu hairy caterpillar, semilooper, leaf roller leh flea beetle te an ni a. Dichlorvos 100 EC ml 5 tui litre 1 nena pawlh emaw Chlorpyriphos 20 EC ml 1 tui litre 1 nena pawlha kahin thlai a ven him theih. A kah hun chu hetiang rannungin thlai an tih chhiat tan a kah tur.
THLAI SENG :
Thlai seng hun chu a hnah a en a a lo tlak kawlh veka a kung leh a rah (kawm ro) chauh a din hunah a ni. Chem emaw favah emaw a zai chhuma lakkhawm tur a ni. Hmanraw hmang lo pawhin kutin a bulah an thliak mai thin. Thlai seng sa chu hruih zawlah emaw silpauline chungah emaw phorovin a vuak theih mai a, fai taka then a, a tawka pho ro tur a ni. Mi tam tak kan fimkhur lova, nasa takin lei nen a inpawlh thin a. Hetiang hi ei tura buatsaih atan te, hralh atan te leh a chi atan pawh a iaiawm thin a, uluk taka bekang vuakna hmun buatsaih a vuak tur, vuaksa te chu thenfai bawk tur.
DAHTHAT :
Eitur a ni emaw a chi atana hman leh tur a ni emaw ro tha tawka pho tur. A chi tur atan chuan a hnawng pai hi 10% bakin a sang tur a ni lo. Phoro tawh chu zemah emaw ipah emaw khungin hmun hulah tha taka dah tur. Chhuat emaw lei silo turin a dahna dawhkan (phakrak) siam a tha. Dahthat dawn hian Thiram a sawisak phawt tur a ni a, 3gm thlai chi kg 1 pawlh nan a tawk.